CORRELATES OF WAR PROJECT: INTERNATIONAL AND CIVIL WAR DATA, 1816-1992 (ICPSR 9905)

Document Description

Citation

Title:

CORRELATES OF WAR PROJECT: INTERNATIONAL AND CIVIL WAR DATA, 1816-1992

Identification Number:

9905

Authoring Entity:

SINGER, J. DAVID (UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN)

SMALL, MELVIN (WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY)

Producer:

INTER-UNIVERSITY CONSORTIUM FOR POLITICAL AND SOCIAL RESEARCH

Date of Production:

JUNE 15, 2000

Software used in Production:

SOFTQUAD XMETAL

Funding Agency/Sponsor:

NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION

Grant Number:

SBR-9617813

Distributor:

INTER-UNIVERSITY CONSORTIUM FOR POLITICAL AND SOCIAL RESEARCH

Date of Distribution:

JUNE 15, 2000

Version:

Version Responsibility:

SANDA IONESCU

Documentation Source

Title:

CORRELATES OF WAR PROJECT: INTERNATIONAL AND CIVIL WAR DATA, 1816-1992

Identification Number:

9905

Authoring Entity:

SINGER, J. DAVID (UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN)

SMALL, MELVIN (WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY)

Producer:

J. DAVID SINGER

MELVIN SMALL

Date of Production:

1993

Distributor:

INTER-UNIVERSITY CONSORTIUM FOR POLITICAL AND SOCIAL RESEARCH

Date of Distribution:

APRIL 1994

Version:

Version Responsibility:

ICPSR

Bibliographic Citation:

Singer, J. David, and Melvin Small. CORRELATES OF WAR PROJECT: INTERNATIONAL AND CIVIL WAR DATA, 1816-1992 [Computer file]. Ann Arbor, MI: J. David Singer and Melvin Small [producers], 1993. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 1994.

Study Description

Citation

Title:

CORRELATES OF WAR PROJECT: INTERNATIONAL AND CIVIL WAR DATA, 1816-1992

Identification Number:

9905

Authoring Entity:

SINGER, J. DAVID (UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN)

SMALL, MELVIN (WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY)

Producer:

J. DAVID SINGER

MELVIN SMALL

Date of Production:

1993

Funding Agency/Sponsor:

UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE

Funding Agency/Sponsor:

NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION

Grant Number:

4641

Grant Number:

SES9213364

Distributor:

INTER-UNIVERSITY CONSORTIUM FOR POLITICAL AND SOCIAL RESEARCH

Date of Distribution:

APRIL 1994

Version:

Version Responsibility:

ICPSR

Bibliographic Citation:

Study Scope

Topic Classification:

III. CONFLICT, AGGRESSION, VIOLENCE, WARS, B. CONFLICT BETWEEN AND AMONG NATIONS

Abstract:

This data collection describes international and civil wars for the years 1816-1992. Part 1, the International Wars file, describes the experience of each interstate member in each war. The unit of analysis is the participant in a particular conflict. When and where each interstate member fought is coded, along with battle and total deaths, pre-war population and armed forces, and whether the member in question initiated the conflict. Each war is characterized as interstate, colonial, or imperial, and major power status and /or central system membership of the warring parties is noted. Part 2, the Civil Wars file, describes when and where fighting took place, whether the war was fought within the boundaries of a major power or central system member, whether there was outside intervention and, if so, whether the intervening state was a major power, on what side they intervened, who won the war, number of battle deaths, total population, and total number of pre-war armed forces.

Time Period:

1816-1992

Date of Collection:

1982-1992

Country:

See variable "CCODE" for list of countries

Geographic Coverage:

NATIONS PARTICIPATING IN THE INTERSTATE SYSTEM

Geographic Unit(s):

NATION

Unit of Analysis:

THE PARTICIPANT IN A PARTICULAR CONFLICT [USUALLY NATIONS]

Universe:

WARS FROM 1816 TO 1992 IN WHICH AT LEAST ONE MEMBER OF THE INTERSTATE SYSTEM TOOK PART

Kind of Data:

AGGREGATE DATA AND EVENT / TRANSACTION DATA

Data Access

Location:

INTER-UNIVERSITY CONSORTIUM FOR POLITICAL AND SOCIAL RESEARCH

Extent of Collection:

2 data files + SAS data definition statements + SPSS data definition statements + SPSS export files + machine-readable documentation

Number of Files:

Citation Requirement:

Publications based on ICPSR data collections should acknowledge those sources by means of bibliographic citations. To ensure that such source attributions are captured for social science bibliographic utilities, citations must appear in footnotes or in the reference section of publications. The bibliographic citation for this data collection is: Singer, J. David, and Melvin Small. CORRELATES OF WAR PROJECT: INTERNATIONAL AND CIVIL WAR DATA, 1816-1992 [Computer file]. Ann Arbor, MI: J. David Singer and Melvin Small [producers], 1993. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 1994.

Deposit Requirement:

To provide funding agencies with essential information about use of archival resources and to facilitate the exchange of information about ICPSR participants' research activities, users of ICPSR data are requested to send to ICPSR bibliographic citations for each completed manuscript or thesis abstract. Please indicate in a cover letter which data were used.

Disclaimer:

The original collector of the data, ICPSR, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for uses of this collection or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.

Other Study Description Materials

Related Publications

Singer, J. David and Melvin Small. Resort to Arms. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 1982.

Russett, Bruce M, J. David Singer and Melvin Small. "National Political Units in the Twentieth Century: A Standardized List." American Political Science Review. Vol. 66, #3 (September 1968), pp. 932-951.

File Description--INTWARS

File: INTERNATIONAL WARS, INTERSTATE WARS, EXTRA-SYSTEMIC WARS

Contents of Files: This is one of two datasets which comprise the Correlates of War: International and Civil War Data, 1816-1992 codebook and study. This part presents data on international wars. The other part presents data on civil wars. This dataset describes the experience of each interstate system member in each war. The unit of analysis is the participant in a particular conflict. The file contains 1278 logical records for 426 cases. Each case contains the values for 40 variables that describe the experience of one participant in an international war. In order to be considered a nation-participant in the interstate system, certain minimal criteria of population and diplomatic recognition were used (at least 500,000 total population and either diplomatic recognition by at least two major powers or membership in the League of Nations or United Nations). Qualifying nation- participants are classified for the period 1816-1919 as to whether or not they were members of the European Central System at the time of the war and, therefore, active and influential in European-centered diplomacy. They are also classified as to whether or not they are dealt with by other members of the interstate system as major powers. The geographical location of the war as a whole and a participant's activity in the war is coded as well as the severity of the war as determined by its duration and the number of battle-connected deaths. The pre-war population and number of persons serving in the armed forces (exclusive of police forces, unorganized militias, and gendarmerie) is also coded. This part of the dataset describes two types of international wars: Interstate wars, in which a nation that qualifies as a member of the interstate system engages in a war with another member of the interstate system. Extra-systemic wars, in which a nation that qualifies as an interstate system member engages in a war with a political entity that is not an interstate system member. Extra-systemic wars are further divided into two sub-types. The first sub-type, the imperial war, involves an adversary that is an independent political entity but does not qualify as a member of the interstate system becuse of limitations on its independence, insufficient population to meet the interstate system membership criteria or a failure of other states to recognize it as a legitimate member. The second sub-type, the colonial war, includes international wars in which the adversary was a colony, dependency or protectorate composed of ethnically differnt people and located at some geographical distance or, at least, peripheral to the center of government of the given system member. Both imperial and colonial wars are so designated both in the data and in the list of war numbers in this codebook. Users should note the following change in the coding rules from Resort to Arms regarding extra-systemic wars. The inclusion criterion of 1000 annual average battle deaths sustained by system member participants per year has been relaxed. Extra-systemic wars are now included in the dataset if the annual average battle deaths sustained per year by all participants (both system members and non-system members) is at least 1000.
File Structure: rectangular
Number of cases: 426
No. of variables per record: 40
Logical Record Length: 79
Records per Case: 3
Overall Number of Records: 1278
Type of File: raw data (ASCII)
Data Format: CARD-IMAGE

File Description--CIVILWARS

File: CIVIL WARS

Contents of Files: This is one of two datasets which comprise the Correlates of War: International and Civil War Data, 1816-1992 codebook and study. The other part presents data on international (interstate and extra-systemic) wars. This dataset is a study of 150 major civil wars involving a total of 204 participants between 1816 and 1988. An internal war is classified as a major civil war if (a) military action was involved, (b) the national government at the time was actively involved, (c) effective resistance (as measured by the ratio of fatalities of the weaker to the stronger forces) occurred on both sides and (d) at least 1,000 battle deaths resulted during the civil war. This dataset describes the experience of each interstate system member in each war. The unit of analysis is the participant in a particular conflict. The file contains 612 logical records for 204 cases. Each case contains the values for 36 variables that describe the experience of one participant in a civil war. In order to be considered a nation-participant in the interstate system, certain minimal criteria of population and diplomatic recognition were used (at least 500,000 total population and either diplomatic recognition by at least two major powers or membership in the League of Nations or United Nations). Qualifying nation- participants are classified for the period 1816-1919 as to whether or not they were members of the European Central System at the time of the war and, therefore, active and influential in European-centered diplomacy. They are also classified as to whether or not they are dealt with by other members of the interstate system as major powers. The role of each participant in the war (whether the participant is the nation undergoing the civil war or is an intervenor and the side the intervenor took in the war) is coded as well as the outcome. The geographical location of the war is coded as well as the severity of the war as determined by its duration and the number of battle- connected total deaths. The pre-war population and number of persons serving in the armed forces (exclusive of police forces, unorganized militias, and gendarmerie) is also coded.
File Structure: rectangular
Number of cases: 204
No. of variables per record: 36
Logical Record Length: 75
Records per Case: 3
Overall Number of Records: 612
Type of File: RAW DATA (ASCII)
Data Format: CARD IMAGE

Variable Description

List of Variables:

WAR NUMBER
SINGER-SMALL COUNTRY CODE OF PARTICIPANT
YEAR PARTICIPANT FIRST ENTERED WAR
MONTH PARTICIPANT FIRST ENTERED WAR
DAY PARTICIPANT FIRST ENTERED WAR
YEAR PARTICIPANT FIRST LEFT WAR
MONTH PARTICIPANT FIRST LEFT WAR
DAY PARTICIPANT FIRST LEFT WAR
YEAR PARTICIPANT REENTERED WAR
MONTH PARTICIPANT REENTERED WAR
DAY PARTICIPANT REENTERED WAR
YEAR PARTICIPANT LEFT WAR AGAIN
MONTH PARTICIPANT LEFT WAR AGAIN
DAY PARTICIPANT LEFT WAR AGAIN
WAR TYPE
AT LEAST ONE CENTRAL SUB-SYSTEM MEMBER IN WAR?
AT LEAST ONE CENTRAL SUB-SYSTEM MEMBER ON EACH SIDE?
AT LEAST ONE MAJOR POWER?
AT LEAST ONE MAJOR POWER ON EACH SIDE?
WESTERN HEMISPHERE
EUROPE
AFRICA
MIDDLE EAST
ASIA
OCEANIA
WAS PARTICIPANT MEMBER OF CENTRAL SUB-SYSTEM?
WAS PARTICIPANT MAJOR POWER?
PRE-WAR POPULATION (THOUSANDS)
PRE-WAR ARMED FORCES (THOUSANDS)
WAR OUTCOME FOR PARTICIPANT
NUMBER OF MONTHS PARTICIPANT FOUGHT IN WAR
NUMBER OF BATTLE RELATED DEATHS SUSTAINED BY PARTICIPANT'S ARMED FORCES IN INTERSTATE WARS, TOTAL BATTLE RELATED DEATHS SUSTAINED FOR EXTRA-SYSTEMIC WARS
DID PARTICIPANT INITIATE WAR?
WAR UPDATE / VERSION
WESTERN HEMISPHERE
EUROPE
AFRICA
MIDDLE EAST
ASIA
OCEANIA
WAR NUMBER
YEAR OF FIRST ENTRY INTO WAR
MONTH OF FIRST ENTRY INTO WAR
DAY OF FIRST ENTRY INTO WAR
YEAR OF FIRST EXIT FROM WAR
MONTH OF FIRST EXIT FROM WAR
DAY OF FIRST EXIT FROM WAR
YEAR OF SECOND ENTRY INTO WAR
MONTH OF SECOND ENTRY INTO WAR
DAY OF SECOND ENTRY INTO WAR
YEAR OF SECOND EXIT FROM WAR
MONTH OF SECOND EXIT FROM WAR
DAY OF SECOND EXIT FROM WAR
YEAR OF THIRD ENTRY INTO WAR
MONTH OF THIRD ENTRY INTO WAR
DAY OF THIRD ENTRY INTO WAR
YEAR OF THIRD EXIT FROM WAR
MONTH OF THIRD EXIT FROM WAR
DAY OF THIRD EXIT FROM WAR
OUTSIDE INTERVENTION IN WAR?
WAR FOUGHT IN MEMBER OF CENTRAL SUB-SYSTEM?
WAR FOUGHT IN MAJOR POWER?
OUTCOME OF WAR (VICTORIOUS SIDE)
WESTERN HEMISPHERE
EUROPE
AFRICA
MIDDLE EAST
ASIA
OCEANIA
BATTLE RELATED FATALITIES SUSTAINED BY REGULAR ARMED FORCES
DURATION OF INVOLVEMENT (MONTHS)
PRE-WAR TOTAL POPULATION (THOUSANDS)
PRE-WAR REGULAR ARMED FORCES (THOUSANDS)
SYSTEM MEMBERSHIP STATUS OF PARTICIPANT
ON WHICH SIDE DID PARTICIPANT INTERVENE?

Variables

WAR NUMBER

INTWARS Location:

Start: 2
End: 4
Record Segment No. 1

INTERSTATE WARS
Value	Label	Frequency	Text
001.	FRANCO-SPANISH (1823)
004.	RUSSO-TURKISH (1828-1829)
007 .	MEXICAN-AMERICAN (1846-1848)
010 .	AUSTRO-SARDINIAN (1848-1849)
013 .	FIRST SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN (1848-1849)
016 .	ROMAN REPUBLIC (1849)
019 .	LA PLATA (1851-1852)
022 .	CRIMEAN (1853-1856)
025 .	ANGLO-PERSIAN (1856-1857)
028 .	ITALIAN UNIFICATION (1859)
031 .	SPANISH-MOROCCAN (1859-1860)
034 .	ITALO-ROMAN (1860)
037 .	ITALO-SICILIAN (1860-1861)
040 .	FRANCO-MEXICAN (1862-1867)
043 .	ECUADORIAN-COLOMBIAN (1863)
046 .	SECOND SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN (1864)
049 .	LOPEZ (1864-1870)
052 .	SPANISH-CHILEAN (1865-1866)
055 .	SEVEN WEEKS (1866)
058 .	FRANCO-PRUSSIAN (1870-1871)
061 .	RUSSO-TURKISH (1877-1878)
064 .	PACIFIC (1879-1883)
067 .	SINO-FRENCH (1884-1885)
070 .	CENTRAL AMERICAN (1885)
072 .	FRANCO-THAI (1893)
073 .	SINO-JAPANESE (1894-1895)
076 .	GRECO-TURKISH (1897)
079 .	SPANISH-AMERICAN (1898)
082 .	BOXER REBELLION (1900)
085 .	RUSSO-JAPANESE (1904-1905)
088 .	CENTRAL AMERICAN (1906)
091 .	CENTRAL AMERICAN (1907)
094 .	SPANISH-MOROCCAN (1909-1910)
097 .	ITALO-TURKISH (1911-1912)
100 .	FIRST BALKAN (1912-1913)
103 .	SECOND BALKAN (1913)
106 .	WORLD WAR I (1914-1918)
109 .	RUSSO-POLISH (1919-1920)
110 .	LITHUANIAN-POLISH (1919-1920)
112 .	HUNGARIAN-ALLIES (1919)
115 .	GRECO-TURKISH (1919-1922)
116 .	FRANCO-TURKISH (1919-1921)
118 .	SINO-SOVIET (1929)
121 .	MANCHURIAN (1931-1933)
124 .	CHACO (1932-1935)
127 .	ITALO-ETHIOPIAN (1935-1936)
130 .	SINO-JAPANESE (1937-1941)
133 .	CHANGKUFENG (1938)
136 .	NOMOHAN (1939)
139 .	WORLD WAR II (1939-1945)
142 .	RUSSO-FINNISH (1939-1940)
145 .	FRANCO-THAI (1940-1941)
148 .	PALESTINE (1948-1949)
151 .	KOREAN (1950-1953)
154 .	RUSSO-HUNGARIAN (1956)
157 .	SINAI (1956)
160 .	SINO-INDIAN (1962)
163 .	VIETNAMESE (1965-1975)
166 .	SECOND KASHMIR (1965)
169 .	SIX DAY (1967)
172 .	ISRAELI-EGYPTIAN (1969-1970)
175 .	FOOTBALL (1969)
178 .	BANGLADESH (1971)
181 .	YOM KIPPUR (1973)
184 .	TURCO-CYPRIOT (1974)
187 .	VIETNAMESE-CAMBODIAN (1975-1979)
189 .	ETHIOPIAN-SOMALIAN (1977-1978)
190 .	UGANDAN-TANZANIAN (1978-1979)
193 .	SINO-VIETNAMESE (1979)
199 .	IRAN-IRAQ (1980-1988)
202 .	FALKLANDS (1982)
205 .	ISRAEL-SYRIA [LEBANON] (1982)
208 .	SINO-VIETNAMESE (1985-1987)
211 .	GULF WAR (1990-1991)
214 .	AZERI-ARMENIAN [NAGORNO-KARABAKH] (1992-ONGOING)
EXTRA-SYSTEMIC WARS
Value	Label	Frequency	Text
IMPERIAL
Value	Label	Frequency	Text
300 .	RUSSO-GEORGIAN (1816-1825) I
301 .	BRITISH-MAHARATTAN (1817-1818) I
303 .	TURKO-PERSIAN (1821) I
307 .	FIRST ANGLO-BURMESE (1823-1826) I
313 .	RUSSO-PERSIAN (1826-1828) I
317 .	RUSSO-CIRCASSIAN (1829-1840) I
324 .	FIRST ZULU (1838-1840) I
325 .	FIRST BRITISH-AFGHAN (1838-1842) I
327 .	RUSSO-KHIVAN (1839) I
329 .	FIRST OPIUM (1839-1840) I
331 .	FRANCO-ALGERIAN (1839-1847) I
334 .	PERUVIAN-BOLIVIAN (1841) I
336 .	FRANCO-MOROCCAN (1844) I
337 .	FIRST BRITISH-SIKH (1845-1846) I
338 .	FIRST KAFFIR [AXE] (1846-1847) I
343 .	SECOND BRITISH-SIKH (1848-1849) I
345 .	BURMESE (1852-1853) I
346 .	FIRST TURCO-MONTENEGRAN (1852-1853) I
348 .	SECOND OPIUM (1856-1860) I
351 .	FRENCH INDOCHINESE (1858) I 352 SECOND TURCO-MONTENEGRAN (1858-1859) I
353 .	FIRST BUENOS AIRES (1859) I
356 .	SECOND MAORI (1860-1870) I
358 .	SPANISH-SANTO DOMINICAN (1863-1865) I
359 .	BRITISH-BHUTANESE (1865) I
363 .	TONKIN (1873-1885) I
364 .	DUTCH-ACHINESE (1873-1878) I
368 .	EGYPTO-ETHIOPIAN (1875-1876) I
369 .	RUSSO-TURKOMAN (1878-1881) I
373 .	SECOND BRITISH-AFGHAN (1878-1880) I
374 .	RUSSO-AFGAN (1885) I
376 .	BRITISH-ZULU (1879) I
378 .	TUNISIAN (1881-1882) I
379 .	FRANCO-INDOCHINESE (1882-1884) I
380 .	FIRST FRANCO-MADAGASCAN (1883-1885) I
381 .	CONGO ARABS (1892) I
383 .	SUDANESE [MAHDI UPRISING] (1896-1899) I
385 .	SERBO-BULGARIAN (1885) I
387 .	DAHOMEY (1889-1892) I
388 .	FRANCO-MADAGASCAN (1894-1895) I
393 .	FIRST MANDIGO-FRENCH (1885-1886) I
394 .	ITALO-ETHIOPIAN (1895-1896) I
399 .	NIGERIAN (1897) I
401 .	FIRST ITALO-ETHIOPIAN (1887) I
404 .	RUSSO-MANCHURIAN (1900) I
410 .	FRANCO-SYRIAN (1920) I
424 .	MADAGASCAN (1947-1948) I
425 .	THIRD AFGAN (1919) I
426 .	FIRST SINO-TIBETAN (1918) I
427 .	FIRST KASHMIR (1947-1949) I
430 .	HYDERABAD (1948) I
431 .	SINO-TIBETAN (1950-1951) I
437 .	KURDISH (1961-1963) I
442 .	ERITREAN (1974-1991) I
443 .	KURDISH AUTONOMY (1974-1975) I
445 .	EAST TIMOR [FRETILIN] (1974-1977) I and C
448 .	WESTERN SAHARA (1975-1983) I
451 .	OGADEN (1976-1983) I
454 .	TIGREAN (1978-1991) I
COLONIAL
Value	Label	Frequency	Text
302 .	KANDYAN REBELLION (1817-1818) C
304 .	GREEK (1821-1828) C
309 .	FIRST ASHANTI (1824-1826) C
310 .	JAVANESE (1825-1830) C
312 .	ALBANIAN (1830-1831) C
314 .	BHARATPURAN (1825-1826) C
315 .	BELGIAN (1830-1831) C
316 .	FIRST POLISH (1831) C
319 .	FIRST SYRIAN (1831-1832) C
322 .	TEXAN (1835-1836) C
323 .	BOSNIAN-TURKISH (1836-1837) C
328 .	SECOND SYRIAN (1839-1840) C
333 .	BOSNIAN-TURKISH (1841) C
335 .	BALUCHI-BRITISH (1843) C
339 .	CRACOW REVOLT (1846) C
340 .	HUNGARIAN (1848-1849) C
344 .	SECOND KAFFIR [EIGHTH] (1850-1853) C
347 .	FIRST SENEGALESE (1857) C
349 .	SEPOY (1857-1859) C
350 .	KABYLIA UPRISING (1856-1857) C
354 .	SECOND BUENOS AIRES (1861) C
355 .	SECOND POLISH (1863-1864) C
360 .	FIRST CRETAN (1866-1867) C
361 .	TEN YEARS (1868-1878) C
362 .	SECOND ASHANTI (1873-1874) C
365 .	ALGERIAN (1871-1872) C
366 .	MITRE REBELLION (1875) C
367 .	BALKAN (1875-1877) C
370 .	BOSNIAN (1878) C
371 .	NINTH KAFFIR (1877-1878) C
375 .	BASUTO (1880-1881) C
377 .	TRANSVAAL REVOLT (1880) C
382 .	MAHDIST (1882-1885) C
384 .	SECOND SENEGALESE (1890-1891) C
386 .	SECOND BURMESE (1885-1886) C
389 .	BALIAN (1894) C
390 .	THIRD ASHANTI (1893-1894) C
391 .	CUBAN (1895-1898) C
392 .	SECOND CRETAN (1888-1889) C
395 .	THIRD CRETAN (1896-1897) C
396 .	DRUZE-TURKISH (1896) C
397 .	FIRST PHILIPPINE (1896-1898) C
398 .	INDIAN MUSLIM (1897-1898) C
400 .	SECOND PHILIPPINE (1899-1902) C
402 .	SECOND ZULU (1906) C
403 .	BOER (1899-1902) C
405 .	FIRST MORROCIAN (1911-1912) C
406 .	ILINDEN (1903) C
407 .	SECOND MORROCIAN (1916-1917) C
408 .	YUNNAN (1917-1918) C
409 .	RUSSIAN NATIONALITIES (1917-1921) C
411 .	IRAQUI-BRITISH (1920-1921) C
412 .	RIFFIAN (1921-1926) C
413 .	SANUSI (1920-1932) C
414 .	HUT TAX (1898) C
415 .	DRUZE (1925-1927) C
416 .	CHINESE MUSLIMS (1928) C
417 .	SOVIET-TURKISTANI (1931-1934) C
418 .	INDONESIAN (1945-1946) C
419 .	SOMALI REBELLION (1899-1905) C
420 .	SOUTH WEST AFRICAN REVOLT (1904-1905) C
421 .	INDOCHINESE (1945-1954) C
423 .	TIBETAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE (1912-1913) C
429 .	MALAYAN REBELLION (1948-1957) C
432 .	KENYA (1952-1956) C
433 .	ALGERIAN (1954-1962) C
434 .	CAMEROON (1955-1960) C
435 .	MORROCIAN INDEPENDENCE (1953-1956) C
436 .	TIBETAN (1956-1959) C
438 .	ANGOLA-PORTUGAL (1961-1975) C
439 .	PHILIPINO-MORO (1972-1980) C
440 .	GUINEA/BISSAU (1962-1974) C
441 .	MOZAMBIQUE (1964-1975) C
444 .	TUNISIAN INDEPENDENCE (1952-1954) C
445 .	EAST TIMOR [FRETILIN] (1974-1977) I and C

SINGER-SMALL COUNTRY CODE OF PARTICIPANT

INTWARS Location:

Start: 7
End: 9
Record Segment No. 1

CIVILWARS Location:

Start: 7
End: 9
Record Segment No. 1

WESTERN HEMISPHERE
Value	Label	Frequency	Text
002.	UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
020.	CANADA
31.	BAHAMAS
040.	CUBA
041.	HAITI
042.	DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
051.	JAMAICA
052.	TRINIDAD
53.	BARBADOS
54.	DOMINICA
55.	GRENADA
56.	SAINT LUCIA
57.	SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES
58.	ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA
60.	SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS
070.	MEXICO
80.	BELIZE
090.	GUATEMALA
091.	HONDURAS
092.	EL SALVADOR
093.	NICARAGUA
094.	COSTA RICA
095.	PANAMA
100.	COLUMBIA
101.	VENEZUELA
110.	GUYANA
115.	SURINAME
130.	ECUADOR
135.	PERU
140.	BRAZIL
145.	BOLIVIA
150.	PARAGUAY
155.	CHILE
160.	ARGENTINA
165.	URUGUAY
EUROPE
Value	Label	Frequency	Text
200.	UNITED KINGDOM
205.	IRELAND
210.	NETHERLANDS
211.	BELGIUM
212.	LUXEMBOURG
220.	FRANCE
223.	LIECHTENSTEIN
225.	SWITZERLAND
230.	SPAIN
235.	PORTUGAL
240.	HANOVER
245.	BAVARIA
255.	GERMANY / PRUSSIA
260.	(WEST) GERMANY
265.	GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
267.	BADEN
269.	SAXONY
271.	WUERTTEMBURG
273.	HESSE ELECTORAL
275.	HESSE GRAND DUCAL
280.	MECKLENBURG SCHWERIN
290.	POLAND
300.	AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
305.	AUSTRIA
310.	HUNGARY
315.	CZECHOSLOVAKIA
325.	ITALY / SARDINIA
327.	PAPAL STATES
329.	TWO SICILIES
331.	SAN MARINO
332.	MODENA
335.	PARMA
337.	TUSCANY
338.	MALTA
339.	ALBANIA
344.	CROATIA
345.	YUGOSLAVIA / SERBIA
346.	BOSNIA HERZEGOVINA
349.	SLOVENIA
350.	GREECE
352.	CYPRUS
355.	BULGARIA
359.	MOLDOVA
360.	RUMANIA
365.	RUSSIA (USSR)
366.	ESTONIA
367.	LATVIA
368.	LITHUANIA
369.	UKRAINE
370.	BELARUS (BYELORUSSIA)
371.	ARMENIA
372.	GEORGIA
373.	AZERBAIJAN
375.	FINLAND
380.	SWEDEN
385.	NORWAY
390.	DENMARK
395.	ICELAND
AFRICA
Value	Label	Frequency	Text
402.	CAPE VERDE
403.	SAO TOME PRINCIPE
404.	GUINEA-BISSAU
411.	EQUATORIAL GUINEA
420.	GAMBIA
432.	MALI
433.	SENEGAL
434.	BENIN / DAHOMEY
435.	MAURITANIA
436.	NIGER
437.	IVORY COAST
438.	GUINEA
439.	BURKINA FASO (UPPER VOLTA)
450.	LIBERIA
451.	SIERRA LEONE
452.	GHANA
461.	TOGO
471.	CAMEROUN
475.	NIGERIA
481.	GABON
482.	CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
483.	CHAD
484.	CONGO
490.	ZAIRE
500.	UGANDA
501.	KENYA
510.	TANZANIA / TANGANYIKA
511.	ZANZIBAR
516.	BURUNDI
517.	RWANDA
520.	SOMALIA
522.	DJIBOUTI
530.	ETHIOPIA
540.	ANGOLA
541.	MOZAMBIQUE
551.	ZAMBIA
522.	ZIMBABWE (RHODESIA)
553.	MALAWI
560.	SOUTH AFRICA
565.	NAMIBIA
570.	LESOTHO
571.	BOTSWANA
572.	SWAZILAND
580.	MADAGASCAR (MALAGASY)
581.	COMOROS
590.	MAURITIUS
591.	SEYCHELLES
MIDDLE EAST
Value	Label	Frequency	Text
600.	MOROCCO
615.	ALGERIA
616.	TUNISIA
620.	LIBYA
625.	SUDAN
630.	IRAN (PERSIA)
640.	TURKEY (AND OTTOMAN EMPIRE)
645.	IRAQ
651.	EGYPT / UAR
652.	SYRIA
660.	LEBANON
663.	JORDAN
666.	ISRAEL
670.	SAUDI ARABIA
678.	YEMEN ARAB REPUBLIC
679.	YEMEN
680.	YEMEN PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC
690.	KUWAIT
692.	BAHRAIN
694.	QATAR
696.	UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
698.	OMAN
ASIA
Value	Label	Frequency	Text
700.	AFGHANISTAN
701.	TURKMENIA
702.	TAJIKISTAN
703.	KYRGYZSTAN
704.	UZBEKISTAN
705.	KAZAKHSTAN
710.	CHINA
712.	MONGOLIA
713.	TAIWAN
730.	KOREA
731.	DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF KOREA
732.	REPUBLIC OF KOREA
740.	JAPAN
750.	INDIA
760.	BHUTAN
770.	PAKISTAN
771.	BANGLADESH
775.	MYANMAR (BURMA)
780.	SRI LANKA (CEYLON)
781.	MALDIVE ISLANDS
790.	NEPAL
800.	THAILAND
811.	CAMBODIA (KAMPUCHEA)
812.	LAOS
816.	DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
817.	REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
820.	MALAYSIA
830.	SINGAPORE
835.	BRUNEI
840.	PHILIPPINES
850.	INDONESIA
OCEANIA
Value	Label	Frequency	Text
900.	AUSTRALIA
910.	PAPUA NEW GUINEA
920.	NEW ZEALAND
935.	VANUATU
940.	SOLOMON ISLANDS
950.	FIJI
983.	MARSHALL ISLANDS
987.	FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA
990.	WESTERN SAMOA

YEAR PARTICIPANT FIRST ENTERED WAR

INTWARS Location:

Start: 12
End: 15
Record Segment No. 1

Variable Text: ACTUAL YEAR OF ENTRY CODED

MONTH PARTICIPANT FIRST ENTERED WAR

INTWARS Location:

Start: 17
End: 18
Record Segment No. 1

Variable Text: ACTUAL MONTH OF ENTRY CODED

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	MISSING

DAY PARTICIPANT FIRST ENTERED WAR

INTWARS Location:

Start: 20
End: 21
Record Segment No. 1

Variable Text: ACTUAL DAY OF ENTRY CODED

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	MISSING

YEAR PARTICIPANT FIRST LEFT WAR

INTWARS Location:

Start: 24
End: 27
Record Segment No. 1

Variable Text: ACTUAL YEAR OF EXIT CODED

MONTH PARTICIPANT FIRST LEFT WAR

INTWARS Location:

Start: 29
End: 30
Record Segment No. 1

Variable Text: ACTUAL MONTH OF EXIT CODED

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	MISSING

DAY PARTICIPANT FIRST LEFT WAR

INTWARS Location:

Start: 32
End: 33
Record Segment No. 1

Variable Text: ACTUAL DAY OF EXIT CODED

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	MISSING

YEAR PARTICIPANT REENTERED WAR

INTWARS Location:

Start: 36
End: 39
Record Segment No. 1

Variable Text: ACTUAL YEAR OF ENTRY CODED

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	MISSING

MONTH PARTICIPANT REENTERED WAR

INTWARS Location:

Start: 41
End: 42
Record Segment No. 1

Variable Text: ACTUAL MONTH OF ENTRY CODED

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	MISSING

DAY PARTICIPANT REENTERED WAR

INTWARS Location:

Start: 44
End: 45
Record Segment No. 1

Variable Text: ACTUAL DAY OF ENTRY CODED

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	MISSING

YEAR PARTICIPANT LEFT WAR AGAIN

INTWARS Location:

Start: 48
End: 51
Record Segment No. 1

Variable Text: ACTUAL YEAR OF EXIT CODED

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	MISSING

MONTH PARTICIPANT LEFT WAR AGAIN

INTWARS Location:

Start: 53
End: 54
Record Segment No. 1

Variable Text: ACTUAL MONTH OF EXIT CODED

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	MISSING

DAY PARTICIPANT LEFT WAR AGAIN

INTWARS Location:

Start: 56
End: 57
Record Segment No. 1

Variable Text: ACTUAL DAY OF EXIT CODED

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	MISSING

WAR TYPE

INTWARS Location:

Start: 59
End: 59
Record Segment No. 1

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	INTERSTATE WAR	274
2.	COLONIAL WAR	98
3.	IMPERIAL WAR	54

AT LEAST ONE CENTRAL SUB-SYSTEM MEMBER IN WAR?

INTWARS Location:

Start: 61
End: 61
Record Segment No. 1

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	NO/NA	211
1.	YES	215

AT LEAST ONE CENTRAL SUB-SYSTEM MEMBER ON EACH SIDE?

INTWARS Location:

Start: 63
End: 63
Record Segment No. 1

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	NO / NA	337
1.	YES	89

AT LEAST ONE MAJOR POWER?

INTWARS Location:

Start: 65
End: 65
Record Segment No. 1

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	NO	148
1.	YES	278

AT LEAST ONE MAJOR POWER ON EACH SIDE?

INTWARS Location:

Start: 67
End: 67
Record Segment No. 1

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	NO	334
1.	YES	92

WESTERN HEMISPHERE

INTWARS Location:

Start: 69
End: 69
Record Segment No. 1

Variable Text: WAS ANY PART OF THE WAR FOUGHT IN WESTERN HEMISPHERE?

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	NO	385
1.	YES	41

EUROPE

INTWARS Location:

Start: 71
End: 71
Record Segment No. 1

Variable Text: WAS ANY PART OF THE WAR FOUGHT IN EUROPE?

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
O.	NO	285
1.	YES	141

AFRICA

INTWARS Location:

Start: 73
End: 73
Record Segment No. 1

Variable Text: WAS ANY PART OF THE WAR FOUGHT IN AFRICA?

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	NO	333
1.	YES	93

MIDDLE EAST

INTWARS Location:

Start: 75
End: 75
Record Segment No. 1

Variable Text: WAS ANY PART OF THE WAR FOUGHT IN THE MIDDLE EAST?

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	NO	287
1.	YES	139

ASIA

INTWARS Location:

Start: 77
End: 77
Record Segment No. 1

Variable Text: WAS ANY PART OF THE WAR FOUGHT IN ASIA?

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	NO	273
1.	YES	153

OCEANIA

INTWARS Location:

Start: 79
End: 79
Record Segment No. 1

Variable Text: WAS ANY PART OF THE WAR FOUGHT IN OCEANIA?

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	NO	396
1.	YES	30

WAS PARTICIPANT MEMBER OF CENTRAL SUB-SYSTEM?

INTWARS Location:

Start: 12
End: 12
Record Segment No. 2

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	NO	237
1.	YES	189

WAS PARTICIPANT MAJOR POWER?

INTWARS Location:

Start: 14
End: 14
Record Segment No. 2

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	NO	262
1.	YES	164

PRE-WAR POPULATION (THOUSANDS)

INTWARS Location:

Start: 16
End: 22
Record Segment No. 2

Variable Text: ACTUAL NUMBER CODED

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
-9.	MISSING

PRE-WAR ARMED FORCES (THOUSANDS)

INTWARS Location:

Start: 24
End: 28
Record Segment No. 2

Variable Text: ACTUAL NUMBER CODED

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
-9.	MISSING

WAR OUTCOME FOR PARTICIPANT

INTWARS Location:

Start: 30
End: 30
Record Segment No. 2

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	ON WINNING SIDE	250
2.	ON LOSING SIDE	143
3.	ON SIDE A OF A TIE	21
4.	ON SIDE B OF A TIE	9
5.	ON SIDE A OF ONGOING WAR	2
6.	ON SIDE B OF ONGOING WAR	1

NUMBER OF MONTHS PARTICIPANT FOUGHT IN WAR

INTWARS Location:

Start: 32
End: 36
Record Segment No. 2

Variable Text: ACTUAL NUMBER CODED (TO NEAREST 0.1 MONTH)

NUMBER OF BATTLE RELATED DEATHS SUSTAINED BY PARTICIPANT'S ARMED FORCES IN INTERSTATE WARS, TOTAL BATTLE RELATED DEATHS SUSTAINED FOR EXTRA-SYSTEMIC WARS

INTWARS Location:

Start: 38
End: 45
Record Segment No. 2

Variable Text: ACTUAL NUMBER CODED

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	MISSING

DID PARTICIPANT INITIATE WAR?

INTWARS Location:

Start: 47
End: 47
Record Segment No. 2

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	NO	309
1.	YES	117

WAR UPDATE / VERSION

INTWARS Location:

Start: 49
End: 49
Record Segment No. 2

Variable Text: (VERSION CASE ADDED TO DATASET)

Value	Label	Frequency
0.	1972 ORIGINAL	239
1.	1980 UPDATE	59
2.	1990 UPDATE	77
3.	1992 UPDATE	51

WESTERN HEMISPHERE

INTWARS Location:

Start: 69
End: 69
Record Segment No. 2

Variable Text: DID PARTICIPANT ENGAGE IN FIGHTING IN WAR IN WESTERN HEMISPHERE?

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	NO	385
1.	YES	41

EUROPE

INTWARS Location:

Start: 71
End: 71
Record Segment No. 2

Variable Text: DID PARTICIPANT ENGAGE IN FIGHTING IN WAR IN EUROPE?

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	NO	295
1.	YES	131

AFRICA

INTWARS Location:

Start: 73
End: 73
Record Segment No. 2

Variable Text: DID PARTICIPANT ENGAGE IN FIGHTING IN WAR IN AFRICA?

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	NO	366
1.	YES	60

MIDDLE EAST

INTWARS Location:

Start: 75
End: 75
Record Segment No. 2

Variable Text: DID PARTICIPANT ENGAGE IN FIGHTING IN WAR IN THE MIDDLE EAST?

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	NO	321
1.	YES	105

ASIA

INTWARS Location:

Start: 77
End: 77
Record Segment No. 2

Variable Text: DID PARTICIPANT ENGAGE IN FIGHTING IN WAR IN ASIA?

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	NO	306
1.	YES	120

OCEANIA

INTWARS Location:

Start: 79
End: 79
Record Segment No. 2

Variable Text: DID PARTICIPANT ENGAGE IN FIGHTING IN WAR IN OCEANIA?

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	NO	421
1.	YES	5

WAR NUMBER

CIVILWARS Location:

Start: 2
End: 4
Record Segment No. 1

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
601.	SPAIN (1821-1823)
602 .	TWO SICILIES (1820-1821) I
603 .	SARDINIA (1821) I
604 .	TURKEY/OTTOMAN EMPIRE (1826)
607 .	PORTUGAL (1829-1834) I
610 .	FRANCE (1830)
613 .	MEXICO (1832)
616 .	SPAIN (1834-1840) I
619 .	COLOMBIA (1840-1842)
622 .	ARGENTINA (1841-1851) I
625 .	SPAIN (1847-1849)
626 .	MEXICO [CASTE WAR] (1847-1855)
628 .	TWO SICILIES (1848-1849)
631 .	FRANCE (1848)
634 .	AUSTRIA-HUNGARY (1848)
636 .	FRANCE [ROYALISTS] (1851)
637 .	CHILE (1851)
640 .	PERU (1853-1855)
643 .	PERU (1856-1858)
646 .	MEXICO (1858-1861)
649 .	VENEZUELA (1859-1863)
652 .	CHINA (1860-1864) I
653 .	CHINA (1860-1868)
654 .	CHINA (1860-1872)
655 .	COLOMBIA (1860-1862)
658 .	UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1861-1865)
661 .	ARGENTINA (1863)
664 .	ARGENTINA (1866-1867)
667 .	VENEZUELA (1868-1871)
670 .	SPAIN (1868)
673 .	ARGENTINA (1870-1871)
676 .	FRANCE (1871)
679 .	SPAIN (1872-1876)
680 .	ARGENTINA [MITRE REBELLION] (1847-1855)
681 .	UNITED STATES OF AMERICA [SIOUXIAN] (1876)
682 .	COLOMBIA (1876-1877)
685 .	JAPAN (1877)
688 .	ARGENTINA (1880)
691 .	COLOMBIA (1884-1885)
694 .	CHILE (1891)
697 .	BRAZIL (1893-1894)
700 .	BRAZIL (1893-1894)
703 .	PERU (1894-1895)
706.	BRAZIL (1896-1897)
709 .	COLOMBIA (1899-1903)
712 .	URUGUAY (1904)
715 .	RUSSIA (1905-1906)
718 .	RUMANIA (1907)
721 .	MOROCCO (1907-1908) I
724 .	IRAN (PERSIA) (1908-1909) I
727 .	MEXICO (1910-1920)
730 .	MOROCCO (1911) I
733 .	PARAGUAY (1911-1912)
736 .	CHINA (1911)
739 .	CHINA (1913)
742 .	CHINA (1914)
744 .	AUSTRIA [SOCIALISTS PUTSCH] (1934)
745 .	RUSSIA/SOVIET UNION (1917-1920) I
746 .	FINNISH (1918) I
748 .	HUNGARY (1919-1920)
751 .	HONDURAS (1924)
754 .	AFGHANISTAN (1924-1925)
757 .	CHINA (1926-1928) I
760 .	MEXICO (1926-1930)
763 .	AFGHANISTAN (1928-1929)
766 .	CHINA (1929-1930)
769 .	CHINA (1930-1935)
771 .	EL SALVADOR (1932)
772 .	BRAZIL (1932)
775 .	SPAIN (1934)
778 .	SPAIN (1936-1939) I
781 .	GREECE (1944-1949) I
784 .	CHINA (1946-1950)
787 .	PARAGUAY (1947)
788 .	CHINA [TAIWANESE REVOLT] (1947)
790 .	YEMEN ARAB REPUBLIC (1948)
793 .	COSTA RICA (1948)
796 .	COLOMBIA (1948)
799 .	BURMA (1948-1951)
802 .	COLOMBIA (1949-1962)
805 .	INDONESIA (1950)
808 .	PHILIPPINES (1950-1952)
811 .	BOLIVIA (1952)
814 .	INDONESIA (1953)
817 .	GUATEMALA (1954)
820 .	ARGENTINA (1955)
823 .	INDONESIA (1956-1960)
826 .	LEBANON (1958) I
829 .	CUBA (1958-1959)
832 .	IRAQ (1959)
835 .	VIETNAM, REPUBLIC OF (1960-1965) I
838 .	ZAIRE (CONGO, KINSHASA) (1960-1965) I
841 .	LAOS (1960-1962)
844 .	ALGERIA (1962-1963)
847 .	YEMEN ARAB REPUBLIC (1962-1969) I
850 .	LAOS (1963-1973) I
853 .	SUDAN (1963-1972)
856 .	RWANDA (1963-1964)
859 .	DOMINICAN REPUBLIC (1965) I
862 .	UGANDA (1966)
863 .	GUATEMALA (1966-1972)
865 .	CHINA (1967-1968)
868 .	NIGERIA (1967-1970)
869 .	BURMA (1968-1980)
871 .	KAMPUCHEA (CAMBODIA) (1970-1975) I
874 .	JORDAN (1970) I
877 .	GUATEMALA (1970-1971)
880 .	PAKISTAN (1971)
883 .	SRI LANKA (CEYLON) (1971)
886 .	BURUNDI (1972)
889 .	PHILIPPINES [NEW PEOPLE'S ARMY] (1972-ONGOING)
892 .	ZIMBABWE (RHODESIA) (1972-1979)
893 .	PAKISTAN (1973-1977)
895 .	LEBANON (1975-1990) I
898 .	ANGOLA (1975-1991) I
900 .	GUATEMALA (1978-1984)
901 .	AFGHANISTAN (1978-ONGOING)
904 .	IRAN (1978-1979)
907 .	NICARAGUA (1978-1979) 908 CAMBODIA (1979-1991) I
910 .	EL SALVADOR (1979-1992)
913 .	MOZAMBIQUE (1979-ONGOING) I
916 .	CHAD (1980-1988) I
917 .	NIGERIA (1980-1981)
919 .	UGANDAN (1980-1988)
922 .	IRAN (1981-1982)
925 .	PERU (1982-ONGOING)
928 .	NICARAGUA (1982-1990)
931 .	SOMALIA (1982-ONGOING)
933 .	BURMA (1983-ONGOING)
934 .	SRI LANKA [TAMIL REBELLION] (1983-ONGOING) I
937 .	SUDAN (1983-ONGOING)
939 .	NIGERIA (1984)
940 .	COLOMBIA (1984-ONGOING)
941 .	IRAQ [KURDISH/SHIITE REBELLION] (1985-ONGOING) I
942 .	INDIA (1985-ONGOING)
943 .	SOUTH YEMEN (1986)
944 .	SRI LANKA [JVP] (1987-1989) I
946 .	BURUNDI (1988)
949 .	LIBERIA (1989-1990) I
950 .	ROMANIA (1989)
952 .	RWANDA (1990-ONGOING)
955 .	GEORGIA (1991)
961 .	RUSSIA/SOVIET UNION [NAGORNO-KARABAKH] (1991) I
964 .	YUGOSLAVIA [CROATIAN INDEPENDENCE] (1991-1992)
967 .	TURKEY [KURDISH REBELLION] (1991-ONGOING)
970 .	BURUNDI (1991-ONGOING)
973 .	BOSNIA [SERBIAN REBELLION] (1992-ONGOING) I
976 .	TAKJIKISTAN (1992-ONGOING)
979 .	LIBERIA (1992-ONGOING) I
982 .	ANGOLA (1992)

YEAR OF FIRST ENTRY INTO WAR

CIVILWARS Location:

Start: 12
End: 14
Record Segment No. 1

Variable Text: ACTUAL YEAR OF ENTRY CODED

MONTH OF FIRST ENTRY INTO WAR

CIVILWARS Location:

Start: 16
End: 17
Record Segment No. 1

Variable Text: ACTUAL MONTH OF ENTRY CODED

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	MISSING

DAY OF FIRST ENTRY INTO WAR

CIVILWARS Location:

Start: 19
End: 20
Record Segment No. 1

Variable Text: ACTUAL DAY OF ENTRY CODED

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	MISSING

YEAR OF FIRST EXIT FROM WAR

CIVILWARS Location:

Start: 23
End: 25
Record Segment No. 1

Variable Text: ACTUAL YEAR OF EXIT CODED

MONTH OF FIRST EXIT FROM WAR

CIVILWARS Location:

Start: 27
End: 28
Record Segment No. 1

Variable Text: ACTUAL MONTH OF EXIT CODED

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	MISSING

DAY OF FIRST EXIT FROM WAR

CIVILWARS Location:

Start: 30
End: 31
Record Segment No. 1

Variable Text: ACTUAL DAY OF EXIT CODED

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	MISSING

YEAR OF SECOND ENTRY INTO WAR

CIVILWARS Location:

Start: 34
End: 36
Record Segment No. 1

Variable Text: ACTUAL YEAR OF ENTRY CODED

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	MISSING

MONTH OF SECOND ENTRY INTO WAR

CIVILWARS Location:

Start: 38
End: 39
Record Segment No. 1

Variable Text: ACTUAL MONTH OF ENTRY CODED

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	MISSING

DAY OF SECOND ENTRY INTO WAR

CIVILWARS Location:

Start: 41
End: 42
Record Segment No. 1

Variable Text: ACTUAL DAY OF ENTRY CODED

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	MISSING

YEAR OF SECOND EXIT FROM WAR

CIVILWARS Location:

Start: 45
End: 47
Record Segment No. 1

Variable Text: ACTUAL YEAR OF EXIT CODED

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	MISSING

MONTH OF SECOND EXIT FROM WAR

CIVILWARS Location:

Start: 49
End: 50
Record Segment No. 1

Variable Text: ACTUAL MONTH OF EXIT CODED

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	MISSING

DAY OF SECOND EXIT FROM WAR

CIVILWARS Location:

Start: 52
End: 53
Record Segment No. 1

Variable Text: ACTUAL DAY OF EXIT CODED

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	MISSING

YEAR OF THIRD ENTRY INTO WAR

CIVILWARS Location:

Start: 56
End: 58
Record Segment No. 1

Variable Text: ACTUAL YEAR OF ENTRY CODED

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	MISSING

MONTH OF THIRD ENTRY INTO WAR

CIVILWARS Location:

Start: 60
End: 61
Record Segment No. 1

Variable Text: ACTUAL MONTH OF ENTRY CODED

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	MISSING

DAY OF THIRD ENTRY INTO WAR

CIVILWARS Location:

Start: 63
End: 64
Record Segment No. 1

Variable Text: ACTUAL DAY OF ENTRY CODED

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	MISSING

YEAR OF THIRD EXIT FROM WAR

CIVILWARS Location:

Start: 67
End: 69
Record Segment No. 1

Variable Text: ACTUAL YEAR OF EXIT CODED

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	MISSING

MONTH OF THIRD EXIT FROM WAR

CIVILWARS Location:

Start: 71
End: 72
Record Segment No. 1

Variable Text: ACTUAL MONTH OF EXIT CODED

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	MISSING

DAY OF THIRD EXIT FROM WAR

CIVILWARS Location:

Start: 74
End: 75
Record Segment No. 1

Variable Text: ACTUAL DAY OF EXIT CODED

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	MISSING

OUTSIDE INTERVENTION IN WAR?

CIVILWARS Location:

Start: 12
End: 12
Record Segment No. 2

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
4.	NO	118
5.	YES	86

WAR FOUGHT IN MEMBER OF CENTRAL SUB-SYSTEM?

CIVILWARS Location:

Start: 14
End: 14
Record Segment No. 2

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	YES	29
2.	NO	175

WAR FOUGHT IN MAJOR POWER?

CIVILWARS Location:

Start: 16
End: 16
Record Segment No. 2

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	YES	12
2.	NO	192

OUTCOME OF WAR (VICTORIOUS SIDE)

CIVILWARS Location:

Start: 18
End: 18
Record Segment No. 2

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	GOVERNMENT	104
2.	OPPOSITION	55
3.	GOVERNMENT AFTER WAR BECAME AN INTERSTATE WAR	0
4.	OPPOSITION AFTER WAR BECAME AN INTERSTATE WAR	4
5.	WAR ONGOING AS OF 12/31/92	30
6.	STALEMATE	10
7.	WAR ONGOING AS OF 12/31/92 AFTER BECOMING AN INTERSTATE WAR	1

WESTERN HEMISPHERE

CIVILWARS Location:

Start: 21
End: 21
Record Segment No. 2

Variable Text: WAR WAS FOUGHT IN WESTERN HEMISPHERE

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	YES	53
2.	NO	151

EUROPE

CIVILWARS Location:

Start: 23
End: 23
Record Segment No. 2

Variable Text: WAR WAS FOUGHT IN EUROPE

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	YES	43
2.	NO	161

AFRICA

CIVILWARS Location:

Start: 25
End: 25
Record Segment No. 2

Variable Text: WAR WAS FOUGHT IN AFRICA

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	YES	32
2.	NO	172

MIDDLE EAST

CIVILWARS Location:

Start: 27
End: 27
Record Segment No. 2

Variable Text: WAR WAS FOUGHT IN MIDDLE EAST

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	YES	28
2.	NO	176

ASIA

CIVILWARS Location:

Start: 29
End: 29
Record Segment No. 2

Variable Text: WAR WAS FOUGHT IN ASIA

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	YES	47
2.	NO	157

OCEANIA

CIVILWARS Location:

Start: 31
End: 31
Record Segment No. 2

Variable Text: WAR WAS FOUGHT IN OCEANIA

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
1.	YES	0
2.	NO	204

CIVILWARS Location:

Start: 34
End: 40
Record Segment No. 2

Variable Text: ACTUAL NUMBER CODED

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	MISSING

DURATION OF INVOLVEMENT (MONTHS)

CIVILWARS Location:

Start: 42
End: 46
Record Segment No. 2

Variable Text: ACTUAL NUMBER CODED

PRE-WAR TOTAL POPULATION (THOUSANDS)

CIVILWARS Location:

Start: 48
End: 54
Record Segment No. 2

Variable Text: ACTUAL NUMBER CODED

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	MISSING

PRE-WAR REGULAR ARMED FORCES (THOUSANDS)

CIVILWARS Location:

Start: 56
End: 59
Record Segment No. 2

Variable Text: ACTUAL NUMBER CODED

Value	Label	Frequency	Text
0.	MISSING

SYSTEM MEMBERSHIP STATUS OF PARTICIPANT

CIVILWARS Location:

Start: 61
End: 61
Record Segment No. 2

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	NEITHER CENTRAL SUB-SYSTEM MEMBER NOR MAJOR POWER	154
2.	CENTRAL SUB-SYSTEM MEMBER ONLY	15
3.	CENTRAL SUB-SYSTEM MEMBER AND MAJOR POWER	35

ON WHICH SIDE DID PARTICIPANT INTERVENE?

CIVILWARS Location:

Start: 63
End: 63
Record Segment No. 2

Value	Label	Frequency
0.	NA / NATION UNDERGOING CIVIL WAR	152
1.	GOVERNMENT	29
2.	OPPOSITION	19
3.	NEITHER SIDE	4

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

MEMBERS OF THE INTERSTATE SYSTEM, 1816-1992 (link)

Text:

WESTERN HEMISPHERE
NATION NUMBER	ABB	NAME	INCLUSIVE YEARS IN INTERSTATE SYSTEM	INCLUSIVE YEARS IN CENTRAL SYSTEM	INCLUSIVE YEARS AS A MAJOR POWER
2	USA	UNITED STATES OF AMERICA	1816-1992	1899-1919	1899-1992
20	CAN	CANADA	1920-1992
31	BHM	BAHAMAS	1973-1992
40	CUB	CUBA	1902-1906 1909-1992
41	HAI	HAITI	1859-1915 1934-1992
42	DOM	DOMINICAN REPUBLIC	1894-1916 1925-1992
51	JAM	JAMAICA	1962-1992
52	TRI	TRINIDAD	1962-1992
53	BAR	BARBADOS	1966-1992
54	DMA	DOMINICA	1978-1992
55	GRN	GRENADA	1974-1992
56	SLU	SAINT LUCIA	1979-1992
57	SVG	SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES	1980-1992
58	AAB	ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA	1981-1992
60	SKN	SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS	1983-1992
70	MEX	MEXICO	1831-1992
80	BLZ	BELIZE	1981-1992
90	GUA	GUATEMALA	1868-1992
91	HON	HONDURAS	1899-1992
92	SAL	EL SALVADOR	1875-1992
93	NIC	NICARAGUA	1900-1992
94	COS	COSTA RICA	1920-1992
95	PAN	PANAMA	1920-1992
100	COL	COLOMBIA	1831-1992
101	VEN	VENEZUELA	1841-1992
110	GUY	GUYANA	1966-1992
115	SUR	SURINAME	1975-1992
130	ECU	ECUADOR	1854-1992
135	PER	PERU	1839-1880 1883-1992
140	BRA	BRAZIL	1826-1992
145	BOL	BOLIVIA	1848-1992
150	PAR	PARAGUAY	1846-1870 1876-1992
155	CHL	CHILE	1839-1992
160	ARG	ARGENTINA	1841-1992
165	URU	URUGUAY	1882-1992

EUROPE
NATION NUMBER	ABB	NAME	INCLUSIVE YEARS IN INTERSTATE SYSTEM	INCLUSIVE YEARS IN CENTRAL SYSTEM	INCLUSIVE YEARS AS A MAJOR POWER
200	UK	UNITED KINGDOM	1816-1992	1816-1919	1816-1992
205	IRE	IRELAND	1922-1992
210	NTH	NETHERLANDS	1816-1940 1945-1992	1816-1919
211	BEL	BELGIUM	1830-1940 1945-1992	1831-1919
212	LUX	LUXEMBOURG	1920-1940 1944-1992
220	FRN	FRANCE	1816-1942 1944-1992	1816-1919	1816-1940 1945-1992
223	LIE	LIECHTENSTEIN	1990-1992
225	SWZ	SWITZERLAND	1816-1992	1816-1919
230	SPN	SPAIN	1816-1992	1816-1919
235	POR	PORTUGAL	1816-1992	1816-1919
240	HAN	HANOVER	1838-1866
245	BAV	BAVARIA	1816-1871
255	GMY	GERMANY / PRUSSIA	1816-1945 1990-1992	1816-1919	1816-1918 1925-1945
260	GFR	GERMAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC	1955-1990
265	GDR	GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC	1954-1990
267	BAD	BADEN	1816-1870
269	SAX	SAXONY	1816-1867
271	WRT	WUERTTEMBURG	1816-1870
273	HSE	HESSE ELECTORAL	1816-1866
275	HSG	HESSE GRAND DUCAL	1816-1867
280	MEC	MECKLENBURG SCHWERIN	1843-1867
290	POL	POLAND	1919-1939 1945-1992	1919-1919
300	AUH	AUSTRIA -HUNGARY	1816-1918	1816-1918	1816-1918
305	AUS	AUSTRIA	1919-1938 1955-1992	1919-1919
310	HUN	HUNGARY	1919-1992	1919-1919
315	CZE	CZECHOSLOVAKIA	1918-1939 1945-1992
325	ITA	ITALY / SARDINIA	1816-1992	1816-1919	1860-1943
327	PAP	PAPAL STATES	1816-1860
329	SIC	TWO SICILIES	1816-1861
331	SNM	SAN MARINO	1992-1992
332	MOD	MODENA	1842-1860
335	PMA	PARMA	1851-1860
337	TUS	TUSCANY	1816-1860
338	MLT	MALTA	1964-1992
339	ALB	ALBANIA	1914-1939 1944-1992	1914-1919
344	CRO	CROATIA	1992-1992
345	YUG	YUGOSLAVIA / SERBIA	1878-1941 1944-1992	1878-1919
346	BOS	BONIA / HERZEGOVINA	1992-1992
349	SLV	SLOVENIA	1992-1992
350	GRC	GREECE	1828-1941 1944-1992	1828-1919
352	CYP	CYPRUS	1960-1992
355	BUL	BULGARIA	1908-1992	1908-1919
359	MLD	MOLDOVA	1991-1992
360	RUM	RUMANIA	1878-1992	1878-1919
365	RUS	RUSSIA (USSR)	1816-1992	1816-1919	1816-1917 1922-1992
366	EST	ESTONIA	1918-1940 1991-1992	1918-1919
367	LAT	LATVIA	1918-1940 1991-1992	1918-1919
368	LIT	LITHUANIA	1918-1940 1991-1992	1918-1919
369	UKR	UKRAINE	1991-1992
370	BLR	BELARUS	1991-1992
371	ARM	ARMENIA	1991-1992
372	GRG	GEORGIA	1991-1992
373	AZE	AZERBAIJAN	1991-1992
375	FIN	FINLAND	1917-1992
380	SWD	SWEDEN	1816-1992	1816-1919
385	NOR	NORWAY	1905-1940 1945-1992	1905-1919
390	DEN	DENMARK	1816-1940 1945-1992	1816-1919
395	ICE	ICELAND	1944-1992

AFRICA
NATION NUMBER	ABB	NAME	INCLUSIVE YEARS IN INTERSTATE SYSTEM
402	CAP	CAPE VERDE	1975-1992
403	STP	SAO TOME PRINCIPE	1975-1992
404	GNB	GUINEA - BISAU	1974-1992
411	EQG	EQUATORIAL GUINEA	1968-1992
420	GAM	GAMBIA	1965-1992
432	MLI	MALI	1960-1992
433	SEN	SENEGAL	1960-1992
434	BEN	BENIN / DAHOMEY	1960-1992
435	MAA	MAURITANIA	1960-1992
436	NIR	NIGER	1960-1992
437	IVO	IVORY COAST	1960-1992
438	GUI	GUINEA	1958-1992
439	BFO	BURKINA FASO (UPPER VOLTA)	1960-1992
450	LBR	LIBERIA	1920-1992
451	SIE	SIERRA LEONE	1961-1992
452	GHA	GHANA	1957-1992
461	TOG	TOGO	1960-1992
471	CAO	CAMEROUN	1960-1992
475	NIG	NIGERIA	1960-1992
481	GAB	GABON	1960-1992
482	CEN	CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC	1960-1992
483	CHA	CHAD	1960-1992
484	CON	CONGO	1960-1992
490	ZAI	ZAIRE (CONGO KINSHASA)	1960-1992
500	UGA	UGANDA	1962-1992
501	KEN	KENYA	1963-1992
510	TAZ	TANZANIA / TANGANYIKA	1961-1992
511	ZAN	ZANZIBAR	1963-1964
516	BUI	BURUNDI	1962-1992
517	RWA	RWANDA	1962-1992
520	SOM	SOMALIA	1960-1992
522	DJI	DJIBOUTI	1977-1992
530	ETH	ETHIOPIA	1898-1936 1941-1992
540	ANG	ANGOLA	1975-1992
541	MZM	MOZAMBIQUE	1975-1992
551	ZAM	ZAMBIA	1964-1992
552	RHO	ZIMBABWE (RHODESIA)	1966-1992
553	MAW	MALAWI	1964-1992
560	SAF	SOUTH AFRICA	1920-1992
565	NAM	NAMIBIA	1990-1992
570	LES	LESOTHO	1966-1992
571	BOT	BOTSWANA	1966-1992
572	SWA	SWAZILAND	1968-1992
580	MAG	MALAGASY	1960-1992
581	COM	COMOROS	1975-1992
590	MAS	MAURITIUS	1968-1992
591	SEY	SEYCHELLES	1976-1992

MIDDLE EAST
NATION NUMBER	ABB.	NAME	INCLUSIVE YEARS IN INTERSTATE SYSTEM	INCLUSIVE YEARS IN CENTRAL SYSTEM
600	MRO	MOROCCO	1847-1911 1956-1992
615	ALG	ALGERIA	1962-1992
620	LIB	LIBYA	1952-1992
625	SUD	SUDAN	1956-1992
630	IRN	IRAN (PERSIA)	1855-1992
640	TUR	TURKEY / OTTOMAN EMPIRE	1816-1992	1816-1919
645	IRQ	IRAQ	1932-1992
651	EGY	EGYPT / UAR	1855-1882 1937-1992
652	SYR	SYRIA	1946-1958 1961-1992
660	LEB	LEBANON	1946-1992
663	JOR	JORDAN	1946-1992
666	ISR	ISRAEL	1948-1992
670	SAU	SAUDI ARABIA	1927-1992
678	YAR	YEMEN ARAB REPUBLIC	1926-1990
679	YEM	YEMEN	1990-1992
680	YPR	YEMEN PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC	1967-1990
690	KUW	KUWAIT	1961-1992
692	BAH	BAHRAIN	1971-1992
694	QAT	QATAR	1971-1992
696	UAE	UNTED ARAB EMIRATES	1971-1992
698	OMA	OMAN	1971-1992

ASIA
NATION NUMBER	ABB.	NAME	INCLUSIVE YEARS IN INTERSTATE SYSTEM	INCLUSIVE YEARS IN CENTRAL SYSTEM	INCLUSIVE YEARS AS A MAJOR POWER
700	AFG	AFGHANISTAN	1920-992
701	TKM	TURKMENIA	1991-1992
702	TAJ	TAJIKISTAN	1991-1992
703	KYR	KIRGIZIA	1991-1992
704	UZB	UZBEKISTAN	1991-1992
705	KZK	KAZAKHSTAN	1991-1992
710	CHN	CHINA	1860-1992	1859-1919	1950-1992
712	MON	MONGOLIA	1921-1992
713	TAW	TAIWAN	1949-1992
730	KOR	KOREA	1888-1905
731	PRK	KOREA, DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC	1948-1992
732	ROK	KOREA, REPUBLIC OF	1949-1992
740	JPN	JAPAN	1860-1945 1952-1992	1895-1919	1895-1945
750	IND	INDIA	1947-1992
760	BHU	BHUTAN	1971-1992
770	PAK	PAKISTAN	1947-1992
771	BNG	BANGLADESH	1973-1992
775	MYA	MYANMAR (BURMA)	1948-1992
780	SRI	SRI LANKA (CEYLON)	1948-1992
781	MAD	MALDIVE ISLANDS	1965-1992
790	NEP	NEPAL	1920-1992
800	THI	THAILAND	1887-1992
811	CAM	CAMBODIA (KAMPUCHEA)	1953-1992
812	LAO	LAOS	1954-1992
816	DRV	VIETNAM, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF	1954-1992
817	RVN	VIETNAM, REPUBLIC OF	1954-1975
820	MAL	MALAYSIA	1957-1992
830	SIN	SINGAPORE	1965-1992
835	BRU	BRUNEI	1984-1992
840	PHI	PHILIPPINES	1946-1992
850	INS	INDONESIA	1949-1992

OCEANIA
NATION NUMBER	ABB.	NAME	INCLUSIVE YEARS IN INTERSTATE SYSTEM
900	AUL	AUSTRALIA	1920-1992
910	PNG	PAPUA NEW GUINEA	1975-1992
920	NEW	NEW ZEALAND	1920-1992
935	VAN	VANUATU	1981-1992
940	SOL	SOLOMON ISLANDS	1978-1992
950	FJI	FIJI	1970-1992
983	MSI	MARSHALL ISLANDS	1991-1992
987	FMS	FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA	1991-1992
990	WSM	WESTERN SAMOA	1976-1992

Notes:

Users should note the following changes in the Interstate System Membership List since Resort to Arms (see Table 2.1, Resort to Arms (Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 1982), pp. 47-50). The membership dates of the following nations have changed:

NATION NO.	NAME	FORMER DATES	CURRENT DATES
42	DOMINICAN REPUBLIC	1887-1888 1892-1916 1925-1980	1894-1916 1925-1992
90	GUATEMALA	1849-1980	1868-1992
135	PERU	1838-1880 1883-1980	1839-1880 1883-1992
255	GERMANY / PRUSSIA	1816-1945	1916-1945 1990-1992
366	ESTONIA	1918-1940	1918-1940 1991-1992
367	LATVIA	1918-1940	1918-1940 1991-1992
368	LITHUANIA	1918-1940	1918-1940 1991-1992
375	FINLAND	1919-1980	1917-1992

The following have been included in the System since 1980:

57	SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES (1980)
58	ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA (1981)
60	SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS (1983)
80	BELIZE (1981)
223	LIECHTENSTEIN (1990)
331	SAN MARINO (1992)
344	CROATIA (1992)
346	BOSNIA / HERZEGOVINA (1992)
349	SLOVENIA (1992)
359	MOLDOVA (MOLDAVIA) (1991)
369	UKRAINE (1991)
370	BELARUS (BYELORUSSIA) (1991)
371	ARMENIA (1991)
372	GEORGIA (1991)
373	AZERBAIJAN (1991)
365	NAMIBIA (1990)
679	YEMEN (1990 - MERGER OF 678, YEMEN ARAB REPUBLIC AND 680, YEMEN PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC
701	TURKMENIA (1991)
702	TAJIKISTAN (1991)
703	KIRGIZIA (1991)
704	UZBEKISTAN (1991)
705	KAZAKHSTAN (1991)
835	BRUNEI (1984)
935	VANUATU (1981)
983	MARSHALL ISLANDS (1991)
987	FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA (1991)

Users should note the following name changes. Membership dates remain unchanged:

365	RUSSIA / SOVIET UNION [RUS] (CHANGE IN ABBREVIATION FROM [USR])
439	BURKINA FASO [BFO] (UPPER VOLTA [UPP])
775	MYANMAR [MYA] (BURMA [BUR])
811	CAMBODIA [CAM] (KAMPUCHEA [KHM])

Separate membership for the Federal Republic of Germany (260) and the German Democratic Republic (265) ended as of October 3, 1990.